By using Qasida poetry , harp invites people closer to Allah and follow the example of His Messenger . At first , the Arab immigrants to bring their own equipment stringed stringed instruments from his native country . But now produced its own , which does not lose its quality . Stringed psaltery in the Middle East called the oud . So the term psaltery only known in Indonesia . I wonder who started it named .
While kasidahan peal salawat to the Prophet , harp develop into a means of entertainment . No wonder in the 1940s to the 1960s ( before the advent of dangdut ) , psaltery is a dish that is almost never miss the parties marriage and circumcision . Psaltery actually the forerunner of dangdut music has now become a music lover consumption , not only in the middle to lower levels , but had gotten into the top level .
One of the most famous musicians psaltery is Syech Albar , was born in Surabaya in 1908 , which was also the father of rock singer Achmad Albar . In 1935 seduction LPs recorded in " His Masters Voice " . The sound and the passage gambusnya not only popular in Indonesia , but also in the Middle East .
A. origin
Sasak is the name of the tribe that inhabited the island of Lombok , the island when the Dutch period called the Lesser Sunda . These tribes have a cultural tradition of art Beleq drum . About the art community there is a mention of Lombok Beleq drum music and there are calls Beleq drum dance , this is because the drummer drum dance while sounding the Beleq . The second view of the above is true , because music and dance are expressed through sound and motion in the show will be swept away Beleq . However, in some current Beleq drum group , dancer and drummer Beleq played by different people .
Beleq drum is a percussion instrument elliptic , meranti tree made of perforated middle , with both sides goat leather , cow or buffalo , and if hit ( percussion ) will sound dang .. dang .. dung or dung . Dang .. dang sound that appears to be immortalized for the named . The prefix is only complementary genes for easier . Beleq said in Sasak language means great . Thus Beleq drum means big drum , the drum is larger than that used in Lombok and other areas generally . According Mamiq Hidayat , one observer of art Sasak , named Beleq drum because ;
" In addition to its large , as well as the loudest voice , drums in the show occupies the front position itself , even old who stands just drums and some dancers only, others played musical instruments while sitting " ( Interview , March 2009 ) .
Beleq drum music is also equipped with a gong , terumpang , pencek , oncer , and flute . When played glance irregular sound will be heard , and crowded . First impressions are heard , the rhythm , the rhythm and sound of flute music look like in Bali . History records that Lombok was ruled by the kingdom of Bali, Klungkung ( 17th century ) and Karangasem ( age 18 ) in a very long time span ( Suhartono , 1970) . In the 17th century , a struggle between King Lombok Karangasem Bali and Makassar of Sumbawa . At the beginning of the 17th century , people from Karangasem Bali and Lombok Strait crossing founded several villages and establish political control in the region of West Lombok . At the same time , the Makasar Strait crossing from Sumbawa membnagun Alas and political control in the region of East Lombok ( Kraan , 1980: 2 ) . Background history of colonization Bali long enough , it seems also leave their mark in this Beleq drum music . Setyaningsih (2009 ) in his thesis that the traditional Sasak wrote like merariq , papaya Beleq , and perisean is the influence of the Kingdom of Bali .
Beleq drum music is said in ancient times used as martial music , which is to accompany and encourage the knights and soldiers or royal Lombok go home from the war . Beleq drum music functioned also as an accompaniment of traditional ceremonies such as merarik ( marriage ) , ngurisang ( baby haircut ) , ngitanang or cut loloq ( circumcision ) , also begawe Beleq ( big ceremony ) . Beleq drum also performed for entertainment only such festival , the birthday of the city , and the provincial anniversary . The audience will usually stand waiting at the curb , went along with dancing , or just a cheer.
Beleq drum music played by two players called sekaha . In ancient times sekaha from the community selected by senior sekaha . Currently sekaha recruited by inviting anyone who wants to practice being sekaha ( usually at home sekaha existing leaders ) , from young children to parents . The sekaha are mostly descendants , meaning that they are currently a sekaha because previously the father or grandfather was sekaha too .
" I like this so well descent , my father used to be the drummer , now I can percussion drum , flute or gong " . Mamieq said Atun , workshop leader Bao Power , Lenek , Lotim while chatting disanggarnya mid- June 2009.
Mamiq Atun , one sekaha and leaders
Bao studio Power , Lenek , Lotim
One thing that became Beleq drum complaint conservationists today is the difficulty of finding sekaha , not play it . Lombok young children now , more like riding motorcycle racing , hanging out on the street or alley , spend time in front of the television watching a soap opera or popular music show that is flourishing today , mobile phones or wear stylish clothes or fashion shirts rather than invited to learn Beleq drum music .
Beleq drum music managed by the community independently , usually they established cultural communities in some villages of Lombok . Community finance their activities from the gig as for the cultural festival , the city 's birthday , cheerleaders campaign one particular party , and most frequently to accompany traditional ceremony merarik . This is different from the ancient times where Beleq drum are still many villages in Lombok .
Music gedang Beleq since the first was performed in the traditional way . All sekaha in Beleq drum performances must wear traditional clothes Sasak complete with its attributes . But now due to the influence of modern times , the shirt and pants color sekaha different between groups Beleq drum , even according to the order links , such as Dji Sam Soe cigarettes on the photo . However, that should not be ditingalkan and should be used as well as patterned batik is sapo ' ( headband ) , dodot ( belt ) , and the ancestor ( loin cloth lining as the Minangkabau Malay outfit ) . Both of these attributes diangggap important , because it is the only identity that distinguishes the modern music .
Some Beleq drum groups currently make their own uniforms , embroidery or screen printing with writing the name of the group behind the uniform . Seeing this condition , certain people ( read : parents Sasak ) negative view of this behavior . They consider Beleq drum group like this does not preserve the culture of the whole , because it is not customary to wear uniforms . Scorn sekaha also often aimed at young ages , where when they wear Beleq drum performances sapo ' , dodot , bebet carelessly , wearing earrings or just wear a T-shirt .
B. equipment
Here let us get to know the tools contained in the drum music Beleq :
1 . Beleq drum , made of large logs meranti trees are cut , shaped cylinder with a large hole in the middle diameter of about 50 centimeters and a length of 1.5 meters , the hole closed timber with cow or goat skin that has been tanned . At the right end of the left drum mounted hook for attaching rope or scarf that can diselampirkan ( hung ) in the neck or shoulder . Great shape , length and weight , looks do not make it difficult for the player to beat .
Beleq drum
2 . Terumpang , the tool is shaped like a large skillet middle there is a small roundabout in the form of lumps . Terumpang made of brass , the drums Beleq there are two terumpang .
Terumpang
3 . Gong , almost the same with only terumpang larger size , are made of brass or copper , if hit will produce a buzzing sound .
gong
4 . Kenceng (pronounced like the word marbles ) , also made of brass , shaped like a plate with a central bulge and the exterior was given a rope to the handle . Kenceng consists of two pairs , each person holding a pair . Kenceng sound and rhythm that makes music sound the same Beleq drum with Balinese music .
kenceng
5 . Flute or flute , made of bamboo with small holes in the bamboo body to produce melodious sounds . There are two models of flutes in use in Beleq drum , which panjangya approximately 50 centimeters and 30 centimeters .
Flute or flute
6 . Oncer or petuk , shaped like a gong but smaller than terumpang , made of brass or copper .
Oncer
7 . Pencek , kenceng but shape shaped like small pieces and placed on a wooden board hanging on the neck .
Pencek
8 . Tools and bat drummers , drum percussion instrument in the form of palm tree wood 50 centimeters along the edges wrapped with cloth , knitted yarn and coated with glue so strong ( Mondol form ) . Same bat with a cloth bandage drummers only rather small and thin .
C. Players or sekaha
Beleq tambour Sasaknya language called sekaha . Sex is all sekaha men , from young children aged 7 years to 60 years of age parents . According to some sekaha , since the first tambour Beleq definitely male , because of the weight carried her . Usually women just as an extra dancer alone .
In one group Beleq drum music , there are approximately 17 sekaha , sometimes 20 or more , with up to sekaha drummer or piper . There are also group Beleq drum equipped with a special group of dancers , so it looks a lot of personnel . Clearer description below :
Four sekaha Beleq drummer , usually chosen sekaha the big man because they are strong , but not the least the drummer was found that underweight .
Two sekaha terumpang hitter .
Four drummers sekaha Gong .
Six sekaha kenceng bat , every pair kenceng sekaha plays . Kenceng played by means of a tap , like a cupped two plates simultaneously.
One sekaha for piper or flute with a spare blower .
Two sekahan oncer or petuk hitter , with one sekaha reserves . Of all the musical instruments petuk easy to hit , due to the monotonous rhythm .
Two sekaha pencek hitter , with one sekaha reserves .
D. How to play
When I first watched the show Beleq drum , how to play this music looks so complicated and have to be careful . If observed , in general play music Beleq drum divided into three processes , namely :
1 . preparation
This process begins with preparing and checking tool sekaha , whether complete or not . If not complete appliance must be sought , and if it is not present sekaha replacement will be sought . If it is full of all , will be forwarded to the next process .
2 . exercise
The process of training is the most vital process before the start of the game , because this process aims to see whether the sekaha is ready all , concentration and spirit , as well as to check whether his tools can be used with good , if not then it will be repaired first. If in the process of this exercise is not good , then generally it will have an impact on the show . However, because the sekaha was already accustomed to playing , then the error can be resolved quickly , which is difficult if sekaha proficient sekaha absent and replaced with new , the training process will mensiasitanya . If it is deemed sufficient to move the process further .
3 . implementation
The first tool is Beleq drum sounded . Usually sekaha will beat two times right and one left with a rhythmic punch . It was a sign to the next tool ready welcome , and will be welcomed by kenceng with direct rhythmic stomping applause . Onwards followed by petuk , flute and others , since the flute has never stopped ringing.
When viewed from the lively rhythm of the music , how to play the drums Beleq need quite a high concentration .
" Because if there's one sekaha wrong in playing a musical instrument , such as late or speed when hit , then the sound of music will not be heard awful mas " . Then said Samsudin , a commotion excited sukaha Beleq drum , Pancor , Lotim a while .
Beleq drum music started based on the command of the drummers drum , like an orchestra , the drummer is the conductor . Although the game was dominated by terumpang voice , flute and kenceng , but because of the loud sound , the music still commanded by the sound of drums. Generally the rhythm of the music being played is Sasak songs , but now often heard the rhythm of dangdut and the influence of the Malays .
Pertujukan Beleq drum with links
F. The values
Value is the imagination of the person or the community or the environment they experienced behavior ( Anderson , 2002) . Beleq drum in the shadow man Sasak has a noble meaning . Beleq drum music has several meanings , among others :
Philosophical value . Preserving human Beleq drum Sasak interpreted as organize and maintain themselves , because in the music Beleq drum contained beauty , precision , perseverance , patience , wisdom and heroism . Based on this assessment , Beleq drum music for the Sasak is considered sacred . This music can not exist without the philosophical values understood in advance by the Sasak ancestors . They mentradisikannya order to be understood by their descendants and studied its contents .
Psychological value . Attachment to one 's imagination the same , they both humans Sasak which have many similarities , such as ancestors , geographical , cultural and even religious perhaps . Lombok old people who always talk about college in Jogjakarta Beleq drum and their cultures if met , even while eating plecing ( vegetable Lombok ) . In student dormitories in Lean Chess Lombok , Jogjakarta , there are also tools Beleq drum . Reality is of course intended to continue to connect as human imagination Sasak psychologically attached to their ancestral lands .
Sociological value . Art Beleq drum music can become a means for social interaction open -plan social status , education , or ancestry . Know and find a mate for young people , not least they finally got married after meeting when Beleq drum along to watch . New friendships and kinship , often occurs when there is Beleq drum performances . For the people that if their marriage enlivened by Beleq drum , this show will raise their social status in society (the rising status if Beleq drum accompaniment group more than one ) . For the nobility Sasak ( Then , Baiq , Raden or Dende ) , a marker Beleq drum ( read: identity ) is important in the eyes herself Sasak another person ( except the Muslim nobility and consider negative Beleq drum ) .
Economic value . Beleq drum can be a profession that generates , although the result is not much , but when it is hard to get a job and a lot of unemployment , the group participated Beleq drum can be an alternative to make money even if just for a cigarette and eating .
G. cover
Beleq drum music is often performed in Lombok today , even in 2008 over tobacco sponsorship , the festival has been held in Lombok Beleq drum sepulau Lombok . Events like this would have been very encouraging and should continue to be encouraged , so that the existence of traditional music Beleq papaya can be maintained . Government , private sector actors Sasak culture and are expected to join hands to continue mentradisikan this music , in order to remain in demand by the people of Lombok and is not inferior to modern music . And hopefully not just perform , but of course while trying to maintain the sacredness , rather than just mere entertainment . ( Joseph Efendi/bdy/01/11-09 )
Bibliography
Anderson , Benedict . R.O.G. , 2002. Imagined Communities . Imagined communities . Matter to 2 . London: Insist
Holt , Clair . , 2005. Traces track the development of art in Indonesia . New York: Artiline
Kayam , Umar . , 1984. Bum : Views of Social Scientists . Why Life article vagrancy . Matter to 2 Jakarta : LP3ES
Sham , Nur . , 2005. Coastal Islam . Prints to 1 . London: LKIS
Pals, Dabiel . L. , 2001. Seven Theories of Religion . From Animism EB . Taylor Materialism Karl Marx Until Cultural Anthropology C. Geertz . London: Kalam .
Kraan , Alvons Van Deer . , 1980. Lombok, Conquest , Colonization and underdevelopment 1870-1940 . Australian University Press .
Shils , Edward Albert . , 1981. Tradition . The University of Chicago Press .
Suhartono . , 1970. Influence nations outside Lombok . Bulletin No. 3 of the Faculty of Letters, University of Gadjah Mada .
bibliography
Tradition is a cultural behavior that last a long time and taught for generations , and so-called because it is a tradition of public acceptance to the " culture of results " that are generations dialihteruskan ( Kayam , 2000: 21 ) . Thus traditional music is music that lives in the community for generations . Read more about the tradition Shills , 1981, Pals , 2005; Sham 2005 .
Balinese culture itself according to Clair Holt (2000 : 242 ) in his book " Track traces the development of art in Indonesia " Bali stated that the same history with the history of Java , starting to get shape and can be seen with the advent of Indian letters , when people begin to absorb into the Balinese culture content their original ( which must have been a mixture of descendants of Malayo-Polynesian culture ) and brahmanical Buddhist teachings .
I examine the strength of Islamic ideology Nahdlatul Wathan ( NW ) are popular in Lombok , is also one of the reasons for the difficulty of finding local culture preserver generation . NW sefaham I still see the " negative " of the ancestral culture . Da'wah of Tuan Guru ( religious scholars ) to the community , making the affected communities to abandon the local culture . At least it proved when I did the research culture in the village Selaparang ( June-July , 2008) , a village that used to be one of the central Sasak kingdom , no longer turns on Selaparang I found the local culture as Beleq drum and jangger .
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